Yellow Staghorn

We saw so many species at Delamere that I couldn't possibly actually do an entry on each one -- partially because I'm not sure that any one person got a full species list.  I can, however, do entries on the ones I got good pictures of.  One of those species is Calocera viscosa, which has a few common names including yellow staghorn, staghorn jelly, jelly antler, yellow false coral and yellow tuning fork.  We were lucky enough to find a fantastic looking one:

Yeah.  I know!  This is one of the reasons I was so happy about yesterday's mushroom day.  I was going to write about how I was surprised that there wasn't a common name for it along the lines of "false fire" until I looked up the literal translation of the scientific name for it.  Calo refers to calor, which refers to heat, inflammation, glowing, fires of passion.  Cera literally just means wax and viscosa, well, viscosa refers to the fruiting body being viscid or greasy.  "Greasy fire wax" is how I prefer to think of it, especially as a bit more research also tells me that a taxonomist called Wallroth in 1833 decided to call it Calocera flammea, but the name didn't stick.  I agree with him though.

This beautiful fungus can get up to 10cm in height and is often found on dead conifer wood.  I believe this one was on a felled pine, though it was a bit past it in terms of identification.  If this fungus looks like it's growing from the floor, it's probably actually growing on dead coniferous roots under the soil.  It's a saprophyte, preferring really and truly dead trees and is present between June and December.  It's pretty common and widespread in Britain and Europe; I also found out that it's present in Canada and North America (at least in parts). It also has a white form, but that's a pretty rare find.

It's not poisonous, but being a jelly fungus means it's got an odd texture and from all accounts it's got a nondescript taste and odour.  It's another one of those that sounds like it falls into the "technically edible" category.  I recently read a book that used the term "edible, but not worthwhile", which sounds perfect for this species.  Personally, I'd rather just look at it in vague wonder and take some great pictures.

I still say that it looks like suspended pixie fires.  Yes, it's really that bright a colour.

Edit:  Ironically, during the writing of this post, a candle just burned a hole in the carpet.  /facepalm.

Birch Polypore

As this isn't a blog just about mosses, I figured I would do an entry on another species we spotted at Abbot's Moss -- the Birch Polypore (Piptoporus betulinus).  This is a bracket fungus also called birch bracket or razor strop and grows almost exclusively on birch trees.  It's necrotrophic, meaning that it's a fungus that kills its host (in this case, the host descends into brown rot after).  This is actually in the name of the fungus; Pipto is a Greek word with a few meanings including "to fail", "to fall from power by death"  and "to perish, i.e come to an end" (Greek Lexicon online).  Therefore, if you see this mushroom on a tree, you know that tree is either dying or dead.  Literally, the name basically means "porous birch decliner."

They're pretty easy to spot too -- firstly, they'll be on the dead birch trees, especially silver birch.  Secondly, the cap folds over to make a smooth rim around the pore surface (no gills here!).  The top surface is whitish-brownish-grayish.  The fungus itself is has a whitish pore surface which will go a brownish-grey with age; it also has between 2-4 pores per millimetre.  I was able to get a picture of one from my walk in Dyson Woods (unfortunately the ones at Abbot Moss were quite high up) -- the one below felt really quite rubbery, but as they age they feel much more like cork.  This one is a bit slug eaten:

They smell quite mushroomy and technically it's edible but it's really quite bitter apparently (I take it as a hint that if someone says "technically edible" then it's not really).  It's got some interesting historical (and current) uses though.  When I did my insect ID course, we used strips of this stuff to mount the tiniest of insects with the tiniest of pins.  Older mushrooms would also make pretty good slow match tinder.

Outside of that, it's called "razor strop" because people used to (and still do) use rectangles of the dried mushroom as a strop.  Apparently you can cut out a rectangle, dry it on a radiator and just sharpen your knives with it -- it creates its own abrasive.  You'd be wanting to use the top surface of the mushroom for that.  The underside of the mushroom (the porous side) can also be cut thin and used as micropore plasters when the mushroom is fresh.  So, it sharpens and mitigates against the invariable cuts!

Medicinally, it contains anti-inflammatory compounds and has anti-bacterial properties.  It's also been discovered in the possession of Otzi the Iceman -- Europe's oldest mummy at 5,000 years old.  He'd been suffering from whipworm before his death and this mushroom contains polyporenic acid -- a compound that is toxic to this particular parasite.  It is not unreasonable to suspect he was using it as medicine, but how on Earth the connection between this mushroom and those symptoms was made is anyone's guess!

The week of ecology... and work

I did make it to the woodlands the next day, though I mostly wandered through with the OH, pillaging for blackberries (originally destined for gin, in an ideal world, but finally destined for eating).  Sadly, although it's mixed deciduous woodland with a lot of silver birch and some hazel and oak, the woodland appears to be somewhat over-managed.  I understand removing standing deadwood within 10m of a path (in a way), through H&S, however, in some areas the woodland appears to be managed beyond this.  The knock-on effect is a lack of fungal species.  In this type of woodland, you'd expect to find lots of Birch polypore -- I found two.  Sadly, there also seems to be people "tidying up" the woodland.  I'm all in favour of making places accessible and sure, habitat piles are grand, but... some standing deadwood needs leaving behind.

Last Sunday I went out to a site in Cheshire to study mosses and liverworts.  We spent most of the day squinting at things and I've an entry or two about that coming up (hopefully!).  What *was* nice is that it appears my mycology is coming along nicely and there were lots of bog species (and fungi -- including LOADS of birch polypores!) on this site, including some sundews, which I've never seen before -- again, pictures to follow in a separate entry...

Monday I was at Record again and I spent the day on MapInfo, digitising site boundaries and entering phase 1 survey data, as well as assisting in some database recording and species ID.  Tuesday, I received a book in the mail...

I've only read a chapter or two, but I'm taking it to heart. It's possibly my best purchase of the last little while.  I'm thinking of doing the plant challenges -- and using the blog to help me expand my knowledge base about the plants.  In short -- it's two plants every three days.  I'd be happy to try a species per day for the next working week and then take it from there.  Perhaps game on?

Thursday, I was suppose to go on a bat survey. Only the client cancelled, sadly.  And the ecology firm only told me two hours beforehand -- when I contacted them.  Good communication is so important!  I put in another CV with another firm on Friday.  I also received a rejection letter from the arboricultural surveyor position.  As far as rejection letters go, it's one of the nicer ones I've had:

"We were particularly impressed by your approach and the standard of your work. We will contact you if an opportunity arises where we could employ your skills..."

I knew I was their wildcard.  I'm glad they liked me enough to reply so personally.  I'm going to keep on swimming.  I'll get there.  I know I will.  And to be honest, it was a reply that gave me hope rather than saddened me.  My work is good.  My skills are good.  I'm just not a specialised arboricultural surveyor.


And today?  Today brought me a refund from HMRC for taxes taken in 2005-2006.  Not a bad week all in all!

Mushrooms!

Today and yesterday I got a job-hunt related rejection letter both days.  I also followed up a speculative CV and ordered a book about how to get into ecology.  So I guess it balances out, right?

Outside of that, I decided that yesterday would be a fantabulous day to go out and brush up my ID skills.  And it was a fantastic wander... until the heavens broke, the thunder came and even my underwear got properly soaked.  Mind, my DMs kept my socks dry, so at least there's that.  That'll teach me to believe that the weather will hold.

Until I got properly rained on, I'd been having a good little walk.  Not only do I have a new GPS app on my phone that allows me to map things, but my mushroom ID was picking up.  So, because I quite like blackberries and raspberries, I mapped out an area of accessible bushes using the app plus Bing maps.  So if anyone heads out to Dyson Woods...

http://binged.it/PANoHn -- and it's exportable to KML and a few other formats, so you can actually look at it in GIS applications if needed.  How cool is that?  In the mean time, I'll be taking a wander and getting some blackberries for blackberry gin.  None of the few raspberries I did find actually made it home (again).  But they were *so* tasty...

Outside of that, I saw two different types of fungus.  One is Turkey Tail (Trametes versicolor) that was growing on a felled silver birch.  The growth was quite young so it felt velvety.  There were several pores per millimetre on the underside, which was entirely white.  The fungus is listed as "inedible" on several sites.  Which is fair, because it feels leathery and unpalatable:

The underside is a proper white colour on these particular Turkey Tails.

I also saw a Common Earthball (Scleroderma citrinum).  Scleroderma citrinum literally means hard-skinned and lemon in colour, more or less, which isn't far off the mark as they feel almost rock hard to the touch:

This little mushroom is also called pigskin poison puffball and isn't a puffball at all -- it's an earthball.  Puffballs have a single opening in the top through which the spores disperse; earthballs prefer to break up and release their spores.  Common earthballs have black spores and it's worth noting that the spores may cause crying, conjunctivitis, runny nose and nosebleeds in some people -- and you'd definitely not want to be eating them.  Gastrointestinal distress is the term used.  Even that's too colourful!

And then... there was rain.  All of the rain.  So, I may head out that way tomorrow as long as it's not, you know, a proper deluge.  My ID books hate water.